Series of events that take place in different organs in an effort to expel a live baby out of uterus through the vagina into the outer world is called labour. It may occur prior to 36 weeks of pregnancy and is called preterm labour.
The labour is divided into 3 stages - first, second and third.
First Stage
It starts from the beginning of true labour pains and ends with full dilatation (opening) of cervix. The average duration is approximately 12 hours in first pregnancy and 6 hours in 2nd or more pregnancies. Initially pains are not strong and come at intervals of 15 to 30 minutes and last for 30 seconds. Gradually the interval shortens and intensity and duration increases. In late first stage the pains come at every 3-5 minutes and last for 45 seconds. Pains are usually felt shortly after uterine contraction begins and pass off before complete relaxation of uterus. Maternal and foetal condition remains unaffected except during contraction.
Management: Non interference with watchful expectancy so as to prepare the woman for a vaginal smooth delivery in 2nd stage.
- The progress of labour, maternal condition and foetal behaviour is monitored so that any deviation from the normal is detected at the earliest possible moment.
- Woman is admitted in hospital, allowed to be in a comfortable position, walk, sit or lie down, enema is given, asked to empty her bladder frequently, adequate fluid intake is adviced but should avoid solid food.
- Relief of pain- Various pain killers can be given to help the woman tolerate the pain. Epidural injection can be given if required or opted by the patient.
- Regular monitoring of blood pressure, foetal heart rate and progress of labour is done by the doctor.